Recent pharmacological studies have indicated that certain food–medicine dual-purpose items can treat NAFLD by modulating the gut microbiota. Currently, supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics is the mainstay of improving the balance of the gut microbiota, thereby becoming a potential therapeutic direction for the treatment of NAFLD. These functional metabolites can restore liver function, blood lipid levels, and cytokine levels in mice with NAFLD. ![]() Previous research has indicated that probiotics have diverse effects on the gut microbiota of mice with NAFLD, including improvements in the metabolism of related metabolites such as SCFAs, bile acids, and digestive enzymes. These findings reveal the potential of hawthorn for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD and provide new perspectives on the study of functional plants to improve liver health. ![]() In addition, HEE apparently helps to increase the presence of beneficial genera of bacteria, thereby influencing the composition of the gut microbiota, and the absence of gut flora affects the efficacy of HEE. HEE facilitated triglyceride breakdown, suppressed fatty acid synthesis, and enhanced intestinal health by modulating the diversity of the gut microbiota and the production of short-chain fatty acids in the gut. The results showed that HEE effectively diminished hepatic lipid accumulation, ameliorated liver function, reduced inflammatory cytokine levels and blood lipid profiles, and regulated blood glucose levels. Our study sought to explore the effects of HEE on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in normal flora and pseudo germ-free mice. ![]() Recent studies have highlighted the lipid-lowering ability of hawthorn ethanol extract (HEE) and the role played by gut flora in the efficacy of HEE.
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